Introduction:
A complete understanding of design, functioning, and maintenance of centrifugal compressors and steam turbines is a prerequisite for the successful operation of process plants. This is especially important nowadays when the demand for minimum and continuous production is vital for the competitiveness of organizations
This course will feature the importance of proper design, operation and maintenance of centrifugal compressors and steam turbines of various designs and applications, which are encountered throughout chemical and process industries, including oil refineries, gas production facilities, power generation and other fields of engineering.
This course is intended to familiarize engineers, technicians, and operators with the guidelines and best practices employed in utilizing this equipment, including design, operation, maintenance, and repair. The emphasis in the training seminar will be on a physical understanding of the problems in operation and the best way of troubleshooting them
Targeted Groups:
- Chemical, Process and Mechanical Engineers
- Product Engineers and Technologists
- Operation, Technical Service and Maintenance Professionals
- Engineers, Consultants and Sales Professionals
- Technical Professionals responsible for interdisciplinary energy projects
Course Objectives:
At the end of this course the participants will be able to:
- Understand the technical features of centrifugal compressors and steam turbines
- Select the optimal type and size of equipment for a given industrial application
- Use methods of estimating the degree of deterioration and inefficiency of equipment
- Apply best practices and techniques of pinpointing the root cause of problems
- Choose the most efficient remedies and troubleshooting techniques in operation
Targeted Competencies:
- Principles of selection of right centrifugal compressor and steam turbine for the given application
- Practical issues related to trouble-free functioning of centrifugal compressors and steam turbines
- Explanation of aerodynamic instabilities of centrifugal compressors and thermal instabilities of steam turbines
- Guidelines for the design, operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting
- Maintenance and repair economic issues: cost and benefit analysis
Course Content:
Unit 1: Gas Thermodynamics:
- Gas Properties and Laws
- Centrifugal Compressor Aerodynamics - Thermodynamics
- Changes in Gas Velocity and Pressure in a Centrifugal Compressor
- Mass and Volume Flow Rate as a Function of Pressure, Temperature and Gas Composition
- Molecular Weight of Gas and its Effect on Performance
- Discharge Temperature, Power Absorbed as a Function of the Gas Composition and the Operating Conditions
- Investigating and Controlling Surge and Choke
Unit 2: Centrifugal Compressors – Design – Operation:
- Overview of the Main Features of Various Types of Compressors
- Classification of Compressors based on Design and Application
- World Standards and Codes related to Compressor Design
- Main Elements of Centrifugal Compressor Construction
- Analysis of Centrifugal Compressor Efficiency
- Guidelines for Trouble-free Centrifugal Compressor Operation
Unit 3: Steam Thermodynamics:
- Steam Properties and the Mollier Charts
- The Rankine Cycle
- Steam Requirement per KWH Production
- Ultra-supercritical Conditions
Unit 4: Steam Turbines – Design - Operation:
- Main Elements and Technical Characteristics of Steam Turbine Design
- The Rotating and Stationary Blades
- The Internal and External Seals
- Radial and Thrust Journal Bearings
- Stop – Control – Non-Return Turbine Valves
- Turbine Controls and Interlocks
Unit 5: Maintenance of Rotating Machines:
- Machines Piping and Ground Regulations
- Alignment of Thermal Machines
- Balancing of Rotating Machines
- Surface Treatments of Sealing Interfaces
- Online Washing
- Troubleshooting through Vibration Analysis, Oil Analysis and Thermography
