Energy Audit & Management

Introduction:

This training course explores the topic of power quality and its effects on the reliability of the electrical system. Power quality is first precisely defined, because, without a precise definition, measurements of baseline conditions and assessments of improvement are impossible. Then methods of evaluating reliability are investigated. After completing this course, you will have a thorough understanding of how power quality and reliability can be measured, and how changes made to the electrical system will affect these important properties

Targeted Groups:

• Engineers and technicians new to the power industry
• Intermediate-level engineers and technicians who seek to improve system reliability
• Professionals involved with the assessment of power quality
• Facility engineers and consultants responsible for mitigating power quality issues
• Engineers tasked with monitoring system performance and reliability

Course Objectives:

At the end of this course the participants will be able to:

• Understand common power quality and reliability terms
• Know how to assess the impact of voltage sags on sensitive electrical equipment
• Comprehend the influence of fault clearing on voltage stability
• Calculate and use standardized reliability indices
• Understand the sources of transient overvoltages and be able to specify arresters
• Know why harmonics are produced and be able to implement mitigation methods
• Analyze the components of AC power and understand the relationship with voltage regulation

Targeted Competencies:

• Basic terminology and definitions
• Voltage sags and interruptions
• Effects of fault clearing on voltage
• Reliability indices
• Transient overvoltages and arresters
• Understanding and mitigating harmonics
• Analysis of AC power and steady-state voltage regulation

Course Content:
Unit 1: Introduction, Voltage Sags and Interruptions:

• Power quality definition and basics
• Quantifying power quality
• ITI curve
• Causes of voltage sags
• Causes of interruptions
• Mitigation methods

Unit 2: Transient Voltage Excursions:

• Motor starting
• Switching and traveling waves
• Capacitor switching
• Lightning
• Lightning shielding and grounding
• Ferroresonance

Unit 3: Reliability Indices, Effects of Fault Clearing on Power Quality:

• IEEE-defined reliability indices
• Interpreting reliability indices
• Fault clearing
• Reclosing strategies
• Fuse saving philosophy
• Fuse blowing philosophy

Unit 4: Insulation Coordination, Arresters, and Steady-State Voltage Regulation:

• Basic impulse level
• Insulation systems
• Insulation testing
• Arrester selection and application
• Load tap changers and voltage regulators
• Effects of steady-state voltage on system operation

Unit 5: Harmonics:

• Fundamentals of harmonics
• Causes and effects of harmonics
• AC power and power factor
• Mitigating harmonic effects
• K-factor transformers
• Harmonic filters